Highlights
- •A naïve Bayes classifier for keratoconus detection is presented.
- •It uses primary Placido-based corneal indices, described in literature and computed directly from the image of the disks reflected on the cornea.
- •The classifier has been tested and compared with deterministic indices on a population of 60 corneas, as well as under artificially noisy data.
- •It showed excellent discrimination capability and robustness.
- •The developed approach is simple, platform-independent and reproducible on any Placido-based topographer.
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate in a sample of normal and keratoconic eyes a simple Bayesian network classifier
for keratoconus identification that uses previously developed topographic indices,
calculated directly from the digital analysis of the Placido ring images.
Methods
A comparative study was performed on a total of 60 eyes from 60 patients (age 20–60
years) from the Department of keratoconus of INVISION Ophthalmology clinic (Almería,
Spain). Patients were divided into two groups depending on their preliminary diagnosis
based on the classical topographic criteria: a control group without topographic alteration
(30 eyes) and a keratoconus group (30 eyes). The keratoconus group included all grades
except grade IV with excessively distorted corneal topography. All cases were examined
using the CSO topography system (CSO, Firenze, Italy), and primary corneal Placido-indices
were computed, as described in literature. Finally, a classifier was built by fitting
a conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network to the data, using the 5- and 10-fold
cross-validation. For comparison, the original data were perturbed with random white
noise of different magnitude.
Results
The naïve Bayes classifier showed perfect discrimination ability among normal and
keratoconic corneas, with 100% of sensibility and specificity, even in the presence
of a very significant noise.
Conclusions
The Bayesian network classifiers are highly accurate and proved a stable screening
method to assist ophthalmologists with the detection of keratoconus, even in the presence
of noise or incomplete data. This algorithm is easily implemented for any Placido
topographic system.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 19, 2019
Accepted:
December 6,
2019
Received in revised form:
December 3,
2019
Received:
June 29,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
