Highlights
- •This contralateral study focused on the anisometropic children wearing ortho-k lens.
- •The eyes with greater myopia got less axial growth than the fellow eyes with less myopia in a 2-years’ study period.
- •Different myopia increase might be caused by different relative corneal refractive power change induced by ortho-k lens.
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effect of overnight orthokeratology (OK) lens wear on axial growth
in anisometropic children.
Methods
The study involved 17 males and 12 females with an average age of 11.4 ± 2.9 years.
Cycloplegic spherical equivalent error (SER) was −0.50D to −6.00D, and anisometropia
≥1.00D. The eyes with greater myopia were assigned to the G eye group and the fellow
eyes with less myopia to the L eye group. All eyes were fitted with OK lenses. Axial
length (AL) was measured at the beginning of the study and at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month
follow-up visits. Refractive error was measured at the beginning and at the 24-month
visit. Linear mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the effect of time, group,
and time*group on axial growth. Paired t test was used to compare the myopia increase over 24 months between the two groups.
Results:The mean baseline AL was 25.06 ± 0.61 mm for the G eyes and 24.48 ± 0.61 mm
for the L eyes. After 24 months, AL had increased by 0.31 ± 0.23 mm in the G eye group
and by 0.41 ± 0.31 mm in the L eye group. Axial growth of the L eyes was significantly
greater than that of the G eyes (p = 0.006). The mean baseline myopia of the G eye
and the L eye was −3.62 ± 1.27D [−5.75D to −1.75D] and −1.93 ± 1.02D [−4.00D to −0.50D]
respectively. At 24 months, the increase in myopia in the G eyes was significantly
less than that in the L eyes (−0.84 ± 0.63D vs, −1.21 ± 0.89D, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: In anisometropic children who wore OK lenses, axial growth was greater
in the eye with less baseline myopia than in the fellow eye with greater baseline
myopia after 2 years.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Contact Lens and Anterior EyeAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Prevalence and 5- to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian schoolchildren.Ophthalmology. 2013; 120: 1482-1491https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.12.018
- Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050.Ophthalmology. 2016; 123: 1036-1042https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006
- The increasing prevalence of myopia in junior high school students in the Haidian District of Beijing, China: a 10-year population-based survey.BMC Ophthalmol. 2017; 17: 88https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-017-0483-6
- Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the impact of education.Ophthalmology. 2015; 122: 1489-1497https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.03.018
- Prevalence of myopia and its association with body stature and educational level in 19-year-old male conscripts in seoul, South Korea.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012; 53: 5579-5583https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-10106
- High prevalence of myopia and high myopia in 5060 Chinese university students in Shanghai.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012; 53: 7504-7509https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8343
- Epidemiology and disease burden of pathologic myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularization: an evidence-based systematic review.Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2014; 157 (e12): 9-25https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2013.08.010
- The economic cost of myopia in adults aged over 40 years in Singapore.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013; 54: 7532-7537https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-12795
- Orthokeratology to control myopia progression: a meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2015; 10e0124535https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124535
- Impact of pupil diameter on axial growth in orthokeratology.Optom. Vis. Sci. 2012; 89: 1636-1640https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e31826c1831
- Factors preventing myopia progression with orthokeratology correction.Optom. Vis. Sci. 2013; 90: 1225-1236https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000000034
- The longitudinal orthokeratology research in children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: a pilot study on refractive changes and myopic control.Curr. Eye Res. 2005; 30: 71-80https://doi.org/10.1080/02713680590907256
- Influence of overnight orthokeratology on axial elongation in childhood myopia.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011; 52: 2170-2174https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-5485
- Factors related to axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology practice.PLoS One. 2017; 12e0175913https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175913
- Central and peripheral corneal power change in myopic orthokeratology and its relationship with 2-year axial length change.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2015; 56: 4514-4519https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-13935
- Corneal power change is predictive of myopia progression in orthokeratology.Optom. Vis. Sci. 2014; 91: 404-411https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000000183
- Anisometropic amblyopia.Ophthalmology. 1991; 98: 258-263
- Increased corneal toricity after long-term orthokeratology lens wear.J. Ophthalmol. 2018; 20187106028https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7106028
- Discontinuation of long term orthokeratology lens wear and subsequent refractive surgery outcome.Cont. Lens Anterior Eye. 2017; 40: 436-439https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2017.07.001
- Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia.Ophthalmology. 2006; 113: 2285-2291https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.05.062
- Longitudinal changes in corneal asphericity in myopia.Optom. Vis. Sci. 2000; 77: 198-203https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200004000-00012
- Retardation of myopia in orthokeratology (ROMIO) study: a 2-year randomized clinical trial.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012; 53: 7077-7085https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-10565
- Long-term effect of overnight orthokeratology on axial length elongation in childhood myopia: a 5-year follow-up study.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012; 53: 3913-3919https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8453
- Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain: refractive and biometric changes.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012; 53: 5060-5065https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8005
- Myopia control during orthokeratology lens wear in children using a novel study design.Ophthalmology. 2015; 122: 620-630https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.09.028
- Vertical and horizontal thickness profiles of the corneal epithelium and Bowman’s layer after orthokeratology.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013; 54: 691-696https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-10263
- Orthokeratology review and update.Clin. Exp. Optom. 2006; 89: 124-143https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00044.x
- Axial eye growth and refractive error development can be modified by exposing the peripheral retina to relative myopic or hyperopic defocus.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2014; 55: 6765-6773https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14524
- Relative peripheral refractive error and the risk of onset and progression of myopia in children.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011; 52: 199-205https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-4826
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 22, 2019
Accepted:
March 18,
2019
Received in revised form:
March 7,
2019
Received:
October 3,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
