Contact Lens & Anterior Eye
Volume 32, Issue 6 , Pages 260-272 , December 2009

The management of allergic eye diseases in primary eye care

References 

  1. Leonardi A. Emerging drugs for ocular allergy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005;10(3):505–520
  2. Abelson MB, Leonardi A, Smith L. The mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of allergy. Rev Ophthalmol. 2002;9(4):74–84
  3. Pavesio CE, Decory HH. Treatment of ocular inflammatory conditions with loteprednol etabonate. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(4):455–459
  4. Pawankar R. Inflammatory mechanisms in allergic rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;7:1–4
  5. Reiss J, Abelson MB, George MA, Wedner HJ. Allergic conjunctivitis. In:  Pepose JS,  Holland GN,  Wilhelmus KR editor. Ocular infection and immunity. St. Louis: Mosby; 1996;p. 345–358
  6. Berdy GJ. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(Suppl. 228):7–9
  7. Stahl JL, Cook EB, Barney NP, Grziano FM. Pathophysiology of ocular allergy: the roles of conjunctival mast cells and epithelial cells. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2002;2(4):332–339
  8. Leonardi A. Pathophysiology of allergic conjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(Suppl. 228):21–23
  9. McGill JI, Bacon A. Allergic eye disease mechanisms. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998;82:1203–1214
  10. Okayama Y, Hagaman DD, Metcalfe DD. A comparison of mediators released or generated by IFN-gamma-treated human mast cells following aggregation of Fc gamma RI or Fc epsilon RI. J Immunol. 2001;166(April (7)):4705–4712
  11. Woolhiser MR, Okayama Y, Gilfillan AM, Metcalfe DD. IgG-dependent activation of human mast cells following up-regulation of FcgammaRI by IFN-gamma. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31(11):3298–3307
  12. Tkaczyk C, Okayama Y, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Fcgamma receptors on mast cells: activatory and inhibitory regulation of mediator release. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004;133(3):305–315
  13. Tkaczyk C, Okayama Y, Woolhiser MR, Hagaman DD, Gilfillan AM, Metcalfe DD. Activation of human mast cells through the high affinity IgG receptor. Mol Immunol. 2002;38(16–18):1289–1293
  14. Chigbu DI. The pathophysiology of ocular allergy: a review. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2009;32(1):3–15
  15. Kirkner R. Lose the CAT … and other pearls from allergists. Rev Optom. 2001;138(3):94–98
  16. Bielory L. Ocular allergy guidelines: a practical treatment alogrithm. Drugs. 2002;62(11):1611–1634
  17. Abelson MB, Grant A. What to do when you see red. Rev Ophthalmol. 2001;8(12):44–47
  18. Bielory L. Ocular allergy treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2008;28(1):1–23
  19. Bielory L. Ocular allergy treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2008;28(1):189–224
  20. Shovlin JP, DePaolis MD. Drops to prevent dropouts. Rev Optom. 2000;137(Part 4):69–75
  21. Bielory L, Katelaris CH, Lightman S, Naclerio RM. Treating the ocular component of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and related eye disorders. MedGenMed. 2007;9(3):35
  22. Butrus S, Portela R. Ocular allergy: diagnosis and treatment. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005;18(4):485–492
  23. Berdy GJ, Stoppel JO, Epstein AB. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and loteprednol etabonate 0.2% ophthalmic suspension in the conjunctival allergen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2002;24(6):918–929
  24. Abelson MB, Gomes PJ. Olopatadine 0.2% ophthalmic solution: the first ophthalmic antiallergy agent with once-daily dosing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008;4(4):453–461
  25. D’Arienzo PA, Leonardi A, Bensch G. Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy of emedastine difumarate 0.05% ophthalmic solution and ketotifen fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution in the human conjunctival allergen model. Clin Ther. 2002;24(3):409–416
  26. Discepola M, Deschenes J, Abelson MB. Comparison of the topical ocular anti-allergic efficacy of emedastine 0.05% ophthalmic solution to ketorolac 0.5% ophthalmic solution in a clinical model of allergic conjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(Suppl. 228):43–46
  27. Noble S, McTavish D. Levocabastine an update of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the topical treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Drugs. 1995;50(6):1032–1049
  28. Deschenes J, Discepola M, Abelson MB. Comparative evaluation of olopatadine ophthalmic solution (0.1%) versus ketorolac ophthalmic solution (0.5%) using the provocative antigen challenge model. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(Suppl. 228):47–52
  29. Butrus S, Greiner JV, Discepola M, Finegold I. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and comfort of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and nedocromil sodium 2% ophthalmic solution in the human conjunctival allergen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2000;22(12):1462–1472
  30. Katelaris CH, Ciprandi G, Missotten L, Turner FD, Bertin D, Berdeaux G. A Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and cromolyn sodium 2% ophthalmic solution in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Clin Ther. 2002;24(10):1561–1575
  31. Abelson MB, Schwartz E. How to battle seasonal allergy. Rev Ophthalmol. 1999;5(3):118–122
  32. Ciprandi G, Buscaglia S, Catrullo A, Pesce G, Fiorino N, Montagna P, et al. Azelastine eye drops reduce and prevent allergic conjunctival reaction and exert anti-allergic activity. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27:182–191
  33. Spangler DL, Bensch G, Berdy GJ. Evaluation of the efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and azelastine hydrochloride 0.05% ophthalmic solution in the conjunctival allergen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2002;23(8):1272–1280
  34. Bielory L. Ocular allergy treatments. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2001;20(2):201–213
  35. Giede C, Metzenauer P, Petzold U, Ellers-Lenz B. Comparison of azelastine eye drops with levocabastine eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2000;16(3):153–163
  36. Lawrenson JG. Recent changes in the use and supply of medicines by optometrists. Optom Today. 2005;45(11):28–32
  37. Greiner JV, Michaelson C, McWhirter CL, Shams NBK. Single dose of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% versus 2 weeks of cromolyn sodium 4% for allergic conjunctivitis. Adv Ther. 2002;19(4):185–193
  38. Trattler WB, Luchs J, Majmudar P. Elestat (epinastine HCl ophthalmic solution 0.05%) as a therapeutic for allergic conjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2006;46(4):87–99
  39. Friedlaender MH. Epinastine in the management of ocular allergic disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2006;46(4):85–86
  40. Abelson MB, Smith L, Chapin M. Ocular allergic disease: mechanism, disease sub-types, treatment. Ocular Surf. 2003;1(3):127–146
  41. Leonardi A. The central role of conjunctival mast cells in the pathogenesis of ocular allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2002;2(4):325–331
  42. Bonini S, Lambiase A, Sgrulletta R, Bonini S. Allergic chronic inflammation of the ocular surface in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;3(5):381–387
  43. Tauber J. Nedocromil sodium ophthalmic solution 2% twice daily in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Adv Ther. 2002;19(2):73–84
  44. Verin PH, Dicker ID, Mortemousque B. Nedocromil sodium eye drops are more effective than sodium cromoglycate eye drops for the long-term management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999;29(4):529–539
  45. Alexander M, Allegro S, Hicks A. Efficacy and acceptability of nedocromil sodium 2% and olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% in perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Adv Ther. 2000;17(3):140–147
  46. Verin P. Treating severe eye allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998;28(Suppl. 6):44–48
  47. Ashrafzadeh A, Raizman MB. New modalities in the treatment of ocular allergy. Int Ophthalmol Clin J. 2003;43(1):105–110
  48. Ilyas H, Slonim CB, Braswell GR, Favetta JR, Schulman M. Long-term safety of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Eye Contact Lens. 2004;30(1):10–13
  49. Durham SR. The inflammatory nature of allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998;28(Suppl. 6):20–24
  50. Melton R, Thomas R. Clinical guide to ophthalmic drugs. Rev Optom. 2003;140(Suppl. 6):33A–39A
  51. Abelson MB, Chapin MJ. The ophthalmic drug pipeline. Rev Ophthalmol. 2000;7(5):120–124
  52. Abelson MB, Hallas S, Colby K, Protopic: . A new ally against inflammation. Rev Ophthalmol. 2002;9(4):104–107
  53. Nakagawa H. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with topical corticosteroids in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: review of randomised, double-blind clinical studies conducted in Japan. Clin Drug Investig. 2006;26(5):235–246
  54. Cheer SM, Plosker GL. Tacrolimus ointment. A review of its therapeutic potential as a topical therapy in atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2001;2(6):389–406
  55. Katsarou A, Armenaka M, Vosynioti V, Lagogianni E, Kalogeromitros D, Katsambas A. Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in the treatment of allergic contact eyelid dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23(4):382–387
  56. Paller AS, Eichenfield LF, Kirsner RS, Shull T, Jaracz E, Simpson EL, et al. Three times weekly tacrolimus ointment reduces relapse in stabilized atopic dermatitis: a new paradigm for use. Pediatrics. 2008;122(6):e1210–e1218
  57. Miyazaki D, Tominaga T, Kakimaru-Hasegawa A, Nagata Y, Hasegawa J, Inoue Y. Therapeutic effects of tacrolimus ointment for refractory ocular surface inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(6):988–992
  58. Anand MK. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions; 2004. [Retrieved on March 10, 2006 from http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1101.htm].
  59. Brody JM, Foster CS. Vernal conjunctivitis. In:  Pepose JS,  Holland GN,  Wilhelmus KR editor. Ocular infection and immunity. St. Louis: Mosby; 1996;p. 367–375
  60. Dinowitz M, Rescigno R, Bielory L. Ocular allergic disease: differential diagnosis, examination techniques, and testing. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2000;15:127–150
  61. Park AY, Scott P. IL-12: keeping cell-mediated immunity alive. Scand J Immunol. 2001;53:529–532
  62. Crampton HJ. A comparison of the relative clinical efficacy of a single dose of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution versus placebo in inhibiting the signs and symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis as induced by conjunctival allergen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2002;24(11):1800–1808
  63. Lemanske RF, Kakliner MA. Late phase allergic reactions. Int J Dermatol. 1983;22(7):401–409
  64. Abelson MB, Rosner SA. How to handle drug-induced allergic conjunctivitis. Rev Ophthalmol. 1999;6(10):146–148
  65. Donshik PC. Contact lens chemistry and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Eye Contact Lens. 2003;29(Suppl. 1):S37–S39[discussion S57–9, S192–4]
  66. Sindt CW, Longmuir RA. Contact lens strategies for the patient with dry eye. Ocul Surf. 2007;5(4):294–307
  67. Stahl JL, Barney NP. Ocular allergic disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;4:455–459
  68. Ono SJ, Abelson MB. Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115(1):118–122
  69. Siddique M, Manzouri B, Flynn TH, Ono SJ. Allergy and contact lenses. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2007;92:166–175
  70. Tan ME, Demirci G, Pearce D, Jalbert I, Sankaridurg P, Willcox MD. Contact lens-induced papillary conjunctivitis is associated with increased albumin deposits on extended wear hydrogel lenses. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;506(Pt B):951–955
  71. Michaud L, Giasson CJ. Overwear of contact lenses: increased severity of clinical signs as a function of protein adsorption. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79(3):184–192
  72. Maldonado-Codina C, Efron N. Impact of manufacturing technology and material composition on the clinical performance of hydrogel lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2004;81(6):442–454
  73. Katelaris CH. Giant papillary conjunctivitis—a review. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(Suppl. 228):17–20
  74. Donshik PC, Ehler WH, Ballow M. Giant papillary conjunctivitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2008;28(1):83–103
  75. Abelson MB, George MA, Garofalo C. Differential diagnosis of ocular allergic disorders. Ann Allergy. 1993;70(Part 2):95–109
  76. Chigbu DI. Allergic eye disease a review of the clinical features, differential diagnosis and diagnoses. Optom Today. 2006;46(15):35–38
  77. Bielory L. Differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis for clinical allergist–immunologists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;98:105–115
  78. Leonardi A, Secchi AG. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin J. 2003;43(1):41–58
  79. Lemp MA. Contact lenses and allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;8(5):457–460
  80. Cameron JA. Shield ulcers and plaques of the cornea in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(6):985–993
  81. Buckley RJ, Bacon AS. Giant papillary conjunctivitis. In:  Pepose JS,  Holland GN,  Wilhelmus KR editor. Ocular infection and immunity. St. Louis: Mosby; 1996;p. 359–366
  82. Zhan H, Smith L, Calder V, Buckley R, Lightman S. Clinical and immunological features of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin J. 2003;43(1):59–72
  83. Nishida T, Taylor AW. Specific aqueous humour factors induce activation of regulatory T cells. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci. 1999;40(10):2268–2274
  84. Berdy GJ. Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77(Suppl. 228):7–9
  85. Buckley RJ. Allergic eye disease—a clinical challenge. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998;28:39–43
  86. Casey R, Abelson MB. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1997;37(2):111–117
  87. Schmid KL, Schmid LM. Ocular allergy: causes and therapeutic options. Clin Exp Optom. 2000;83(5):257–270
  88. Kapp A, Allen BR, Reitamo S. Atopic dermatitis management with tacrolimus ointment (Protopic). J Dermatolog Treat. 2003;14(Suppl. 1):5–16
  89. Lemp MA, Bielory L. Contact lenses and associated anterior segment disorders: dry eye disease, blepharitis, and allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2008;28(1):105–117
  90. Elher WH, Donshik PC. Giant papillary conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;8:445–449
  91. Donshik PC. Giant papillary conjunctivitis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1994;92:687–744
  92. Porazinski AD, Donshik PC. Giant papillary conjunctivitis in frequent replacement contact lens wearers: a retrospective study. CLAO J. 1999;25(3):142–147
  93. Kymionis GD, Goldman D, Ide T, Yoo SH. Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in the eye for treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis. Cornea. 2008;27(2):228–229
  94. Foulks GN, Harvey T, Raj CV. Therapeutic contact lenses: the role of high-Dk lenses. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2003;16(3):455–461
  95. Chigbu DI. Allergic eye disease a review of their management. Optom Today. 2006;46(16):35–38
  96. Bonini S, Sacchetti M, Mantelli F, Lambiase A. Clinical grading of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;7(5):436–441
  97. Calonge M, Herreras JM. Clinical grading of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;7(5):442–445
  98. Keklikci U, Soker SI, Sakalar YB, Unlu K, Ozekinci S, Tunik S. Efficacy of topical cyclosporin A 0.05% in conjunctival impression cytology specimens and clinical findings of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2008;52(5):357–362

PII: S1367-0484(09)00100-3

doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2009.08.002

Contact Lens & Anterior Eye
Volume 32, Issue 6 , Pages 260-272 , December 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution