Contact Lens & Anterior Eye
Volume 31, Issue 5 , Pages 228-241 , October 2008

Predicted tear layer oxygen tensions under two designs of silicone hydrogel toric lenses

References 

  1. Polse KA, Mandell RB. Critical oxygen tension at the corneal surface. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970;84:505–508
  2. Efron N. Contact lens complications (2/e). Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2004;
  3. Chan WK, Weissman BA. Corneal vascularization associated with contact lens wear. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121(5):540–546
  4. Papas EB, Vajdic CM, Austen R, Holden BA. High-oxygen-transmissibility soft contact lenses do not induce limbal hyperaemia. Cur Eye Res. 1997;16(9):942–948
  5. Ren DH, Petroll WM, Jester JV, Ho-Fan J, Cavanagh HD. The relationship between contact lens oxygen permeability and binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human corneal epithelial cells after overnight and extended wear. CLAO J. 1999;25(April (2)):80–100[Erratum in: CLAO J 1999; 25(July (3)):175]
  6. Ladage PM, Yamamoto K, Ren DH, Li L, Jester JV, Petroll WM, et al. Effects of rigid and soft contact lens daily wear on corneal epithelium, tear lactate dehydrogenase, and bacterial binding to exfoliated epithelial cells. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(7):1279–1288
  7. Cavanagh HD, Ladage PM, Li SL, Yamamoto K, Molai M, Ren DH, et al. Effects of daily and overnight wear of a novel hyper oxygen-transmissible soft contact lens on bacterial binding and corneal epithelium: a 13-month clinical trial. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(11):1957–1969
  8. Schein OD, McNally JJ, Katz J, Chalmers RL, Tielsch JM, Alfonso E, et al. The incidence of microbial keratitis among wearers of a 30-day silicone hydrogel extended-wear contact lens. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(12):2172–2179
  9. Alvord L, Court J, Davis T, Morgan CF, Schindhelm K, Vogt J, et al. Oxygen permeability of a new type of high Dk soft contact lens material. Optom Vis Sci. 1998;75(1):30–36
  10. Holden BA. The principles and practice of correcting astigmatism with soft contact lenses. Aust J Optom. 1975;279–299
  11. Eghbali F, Hsui EH, Eghbali K, Weissman BA. Oxygen transmissibility at various locations in hydrogel toric prism-ballasted contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73(3):164–168
  12. Westin EJ, McDaid K, Benjamin WJ. Inferior corneal vascularization associated with extended wear of prism-ballasted toric hydrogel lenses. Int Cont Lens Clin. 1989;16(1):20–24
  13. Fatt I. A comparison of extended wear soft contact lens performance: the application of oxygen transmissibility. Contemp Optom. 1983;2(1):7–9
  14. Fatt I. A simple electrical device for measuring thickness and sagittal height of gel contact lenses.. Optician. 1977;173:23–24
  15. Fatt I. Gas transmission properties of soft contact lenses. In:  Ruben M editors. Soft contact lenses; clinical and applied technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1978;p. 83–110
  16. Refojo MF. The siloxane bond in contact lens materials: effect of methyl and phenyl content on oxygen permeability of silicone lenses. ICLC. 1984;11:83–86
  17. ANSI Z80.20-2004. American National Standard for ophthalmics – contact lenses – standard terminology, tolerances, measurements and physicochemical properties. Washington, D.C.: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Inc.
  18. ISO 18369-1:2006. Ophthalmic optics—contact lenses. Part 1. Vocabulary, classification system and recommendations for the labeling of specifications. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  19. ISO 18369-4:2006. Ophthalmic optics—contact lenses. Part 4. Physicochemical properties of contact lens materials. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  20. Benjamin WJ; the Dk Reference Study Group Revised Oxygen Permeability (Dk) of Reference Materials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47 [ARVO E-Abstract 97/B385].
  21. Fatt I, St Helen R. Oxygen tension under an oxygen-permeable contact lens. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1971;48:545–555
  22. Huang P, Zwang-Weissman JM, Weissman BA. Is T still important?. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2004;27:9–14
  23. Fatt I, Ruben CM. A new oxygen transmissibility concept for hydrogel contact lenses. JBCLA. 1993;16:141–149
  24. Brennan NA. Beyond flux: total corneal oxygen consumption as an index of corneal oxygenation during contact lens wear. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:467–472
  25. Harvitt DM, Bonanno JA. Re-examination of the oxygen diffusion model for predicting minimal contact lens Dk/t values needed to avoid corneal anoxia. Optom Vis Sci. 1999;76:712–719
  26. Efron N, Carney LG. Oxygen tension beneath contact lenses under the closed eyelid: human measurements. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1981;58:806–809
  27. Holden BA, Sweeney DF. The oxygen tension and temperature of the superior palpebral conjunctiva. Acta Ophtalmol (Copenh). 1985;63:100–103
  28. McLaren JW, Dinslage S, Dillon JP, Roberts JE, Brubaker JE, Brubaker RF. Measuring oxygen tension in the anterior chamber of rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:1899–1909
  29. Fatt I, Weissman BA. Physiology of the eye (2/e). Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992;
  30. Fatt I, Bieber MT. The steady state distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the in vivo cornea. I. The open eye in air and the closed eye. Exp Eye Res. 1968;7:103–112
  31. Fatt I, Freeman RD, Lin DB. Oxygen tension distributions in the cornea. A re-examination. Exp Eye Res. 1974;18:357–365
  32. Doughty MJ, Zaman ML. Human corneal thickness and its impact on intraocular pressure measurements: a review and meta-analysis approach. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;44:367–408
  33. Alvord LA, Hall WJ, Keyes LD, Morgan CF, Winterton LC. Corneal oxygen distribution with contact lens wear. Cornea. 2007;26(6):654–664
  34. Shui YB, Fu JJ, Garcia C, Dattilo LK, Rajagopal R, McMillan S, et al. Oxygen distribution in the rabbit eye and oxygen consumption by the lens. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(4):1575–1580
  35. Helbig H, Hinz J, Kellner U, Foerster M. Oxygen in the anterior chamber of the human eye. Ger J Ophthalmol. 1993;2:161–164
  36. Freeman RD. Oxygen consumption by the component layers of the cornea. J Physiol. 1972;225:15–32
  37. Weissman BA. Oxygen consumption of whole human corneas. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1984;61:291–292
  38. Bonnano JA, Stickel T, Nguyen T, Biehl T, Carter D, Benjamin WJ, et al. Estimation of human corneal oxygen consumption by noninvasive measurement of tear oxygen tension while wearing hydrogel contact lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:371–376
  39. Fatt I. Steady-state distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the in vivo cornea. II. The open eye in nitrogen and the covered eye. Exp Eye Res. 1968;7:413–430
  40. Gnaiger E, Mendez G, Hand SC. High phosphorylation efficiency and depression of uncoupled respiration in mitochondria under hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:11080–11085
  41. Harvitt DM, Bonanno JA. pH dependence of corneal oxygen consumption. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:2778–2781
  42. Weissman BA, Ye P. Calculated tear oxygen tension under contact lenses offering resistance in series: piggyback and scleral lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2006;29(5):231–237
  43. Fatt I, Neumann S. The average oxygen transmissibility of contact lenses: application of the concept to laboratory measurements. Neue Oticker J. 1989;31:55–58
  44. Morgan P, Brennan N. Evaluating corneal oxygenation during lens wear: experts discuss current thinking on contact lens permeability and transmissibility and the importance of corneal oxygenation to prevent complications. Contact Lens Spectrum. 2007;
  45. Holden BA, Mertz GW. Critical oxygen levels to avoid corneal edema for daily and extended wear contact lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984;25(10):1161–1167
  46. Fatt I. New physiological paradigms to assess the effect of lens oxygen transmissibility on corneal health. CLAO J. 1996;22:25–29
  47. Hill RM, Fatt I. Oxygen deprivation of the cornea by contact lenses and lid closure. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1964;41:678–687
  48. Larke J, Parrish S, Wigham C. Apparent human corneal oxygen uptake rate. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1981;58:803–807
  49. Mandell R, Farrell R. Corneal swelling at low atmospheric oxygen pressures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980;9:697–699
  50. Holden B, Sweeney D, Sanderson G. The minimal pre-corneal oxygen tension to avoid corneal edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984;25:476–480
  51. Glynn RJ, Schein OD, Seddon JM, Poggio EC, Goodfellow JR, Scardino VA, et al. The incidence of ulcerative keratitis among users of daily wear and extended wear soft contact lenses. New Engl J Med. 1989;321:779–783
  52. Cheng KH, Leung SL, Hoekman HW, Beekhuis WH, Mulder PG, Geerards AJ, et al. Incidence of contact lens associated microbial keratitis and its related morbidity. Lancet. 1999;354:181–185

 Dr. Forister was supported in part by an education grant from Vistakon, a division of Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc. Dr. Weissman's participation was supported in part by a research grant from Dr. Marvin Smotrich.

PII: S1367-0484(08)00093-3

doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2008.06.003

Contact Lens & Anterior Eye
Volume 31, Issue 5 , Pages 228-241 , October 2008