Contact Lens & Anterior Eye
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 53-59 , March 2007

Comparison of an objective method of measuring bulbar redness to the use of traditional grading scales

References 

  1. Terry RL, Schnider CM, Holden BA, Cornish R, Grant T, Sweeney DF, et al. CCLRU standards for success of daily and extended wear contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 1993;70:234–243
  2. Chong T, Simpson TL, Pritchard N, Dumbleton KA, Richter DB, Fonn D. Repeatability of discrete and continuous clinical grading scales. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73:232
  3. Efron N. Grading scales for contact lens complications. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:s136
  4. Bailey IL, Bullimore MA, Raasch TW, Taylor HR. Clinical grading and the effects of scaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32:422–432
  5. McMonnies CW, Chapman-Davies A. Assessment of conjunctival hyperemia in contact lens wearers. Part I. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1987;64:246–250
  6. Bullimore MA, Bailey IL. Considerations in the subjective assessment of cataract. Optom Vis Sci. 1993;70:880–885
  7. McMonnies CW, Chapman-Davies A, Holden BA. The vascular response to contact lens wear. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1982;59:795–799
  8. du Toit R, Pritchard N, Heffernan S, Simpson TL, Fonn D. A comparison of three different scales for rating contact lens handling. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79:313–320
  9. Chong E, Simpson T, Fonn D. The repeatability of discrete and continuous anterior segment grading scales. Optom Vis Sci. 2000;77:244–251
  10. McMonnies CW, Chapman-Davies A. Assessment of conjunctival hyperemia in contact lens wearers: part II. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1987;64:251–255
  11. Chen PCY, Kovalcheck SW, Zweifach BW. Analysis of microvascular network in bulbar conjunctiva by image processing. Int J Microcirc: Clin Exp. 1987;6:245–255
  12. Horak F, Berger U, Menapace R, Schuster N. Quantification of conjunctival vascular reaction by digital imaging. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;98:495–500
  13. Peterson RC, Wolffsohn JS. The effect of digital image resolution and compression on anterior eye imaging. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:828–830
  14. Villumsen J, Ringquist J, Alm A. Image analysis of conjunctival hyperemia A personal computer based system. Acta Opthalmol. 1991;69:536–539
  15. Wolffsohn JS, Purslow C. Clinical monitoring of ocular physiology using digital image analysis. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2003;26:27–35
  16. Wolffsohn JS. Incremental nature of anterior eye grading scales determined by objective image analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(March):1434–1438
  17. Guillon M, Shah D. Objective measurement of contact lens-induced conjunctival redness. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73:595–605
  18. Owen CG, Fitzke FW, Woodward EG. A new computer assisted objective method for quantifying vascular changes of the bulbar conjunctivae. Ophthal Physiol Opt. 1996;16:430–437
  19. Willingham FF, Coggins JM, Cohen KL, Goldstein GM, Tripoli NK, Ogle JW. Hyperemia measurements and validity in a new digital image analysis system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:S38
  20. Fieguth P, Simpson T. Automated measurement of bulbar redness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:340–347
  21. Papas EB. Key factors in the subjective and objective assessment of conjunctival erythema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:687–691
  22. Simpson T, Chan A, Fonn D. Measuring ocular redness: first order (luminance and chromaticity) measurements provide more information than second order (spatial structure) measurements. Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;75:279
  23. Maldonado MJ, Arnau V, Martinez-Costa R, Navea A, Mico FM, Cisneros AL, et al. Reproducibility of digital image analysis for measuring corneal haze after myopic photorefractive keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:31–41
  24. Vaccari, S., 2004. Assessment of diurnal variation of bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, temperature and blood flow. Thesis/Dissertation (M.Sc.). University of Waterloo.
  25. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;307–310
  26. Lin LI. A concordance correlation-coefficient to evaluate reproducibility. Biometrics. 1989;45:255–268

 This manuscript has not previously been published and is not currently under review with any other journal.

PII: S1367-0484(06)00161-5

doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2006.12.003

Contact Lens & Anterior Eye
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 53-59 , March 2007